Linux
Linux:
- Linux is an Open-Source Operating System.
- Linux kernel was first developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
- It is widely used in servers, supercomputers, and embedded systems.
- Linux is known for its stability, security, and performance.
- Linux is free to use and distribute.
Components / Architecture of Linux:
1. Kernel:
- It is the core component of Linux.
- It manages system resources like CPU, memory, and peripheral devices.
2. Shell:
- It is the interface between the user and the kernel
- It allows users to interact with the system via the command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI).
3. File System:
- Linux supports various file systems to organize and store data on storage devices.
4. GNU Utilities:
- It is a collection of essential command-line utilities and tools.
- It includes file manipulation, text processing, and system administration tools.
5. System Libraries:
- Libraries containing functions and code.
- It is used by applications to interact with the kernel.
- It performs file operations, network communication, and memory management tasks.
Features / Characteristics of Linux:
1. Open Source:
- Linux is distributed under an open-source license.
- Linux is open-source, meaning its source code is freely available to anyone
- It allows users to access, modify, and distribute its source code freely.
2. Multi-User:
- Linux supports multiple users concurrently.
- It allows different users to use the system simultaneously.
3. Multi-Tasking:
- Linux can execute multiple processes simultaneously.
4. Stability:
- Linux is known for its stability and reliability.
5. Security:
- Linux is known for its robust security features.
- It includes user permissions, access control mechanisms, and built-in firewall capabilities.
- It helps to protect against unauthorized access and malicious attacks.
6. Flexibility:
- Linux is highly customizable.
- It allows users to configure the operating system to their specific needs.
7. Portability:
- Linux runs on embedded devices, smartphones, desktop computers, and servers.
8. Networking:
- Linux supports a wide range of networking protocols for both wired and wireless networks.
9. Community Support:
- Linux benefits from a large and active community of developers.
- They contribute to its development, provide support, and share knowledge through forums, mailing lists, and online resources.
10. Cost-Effective:
- Linux is free to use, distribute, and modify.
Advantages of Linux:
1. Open Source:
- Linux is distributed under an open-source license.
- Linux is open-source, meaning its source code is freely available to anyone
- It allows users to access, modify, and distribute its source code freely.
2. No Cost:
- Linux is free to use, distribute, and modify.
3. Security:
- Linux is known for its robust security features.
- It includes user permissions, access control mechanisms, and built-in firewall capabilities.
- It helps to protect against unauthorized access and malicious attacks.
4. Stability:
- Linux systems are renowned for their stability and reliability.
5. Flexibility:
- Linux is highly customizable.
- It allows users to configure the operating system to their specific needs.
6. Performance:
- Linux has better performance due to its efficient resource management and optimized kernel design.
- This can result in improved responsiveness, scalability, and overall system performance.
7. Community Support:
- Linux benefits from a large and active community of developers.
- They contribute to its development, provide support, and share knowledge through forums, mailing lists, and online resources.
8. Compatibility:
- Linux benefits from a large and active community of developers.
- They contribute to its development, provide support, and share knowledge through forums, mailing lists, and online resources.
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